The Doctrine Of Utilitarianism Essays - 883 Words

The Doctrine of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a doctrine that revolves around two concepts: happiness and consequentialism. It follows the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle† which is, â€Å"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Mill 239). Utilitarianists’ most vast idea is creating the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people and to end pain and suffering with this principle by using Utilitarian Calculus. In Utilitarian Calculus, one would analyze the situation and as long as the action has a greater positive effect (more happiness) overall than a negative effect (pain and suffering) then the act is moral. Singer had many arguments when it comes to animal rights and speciesism. Singer defines ‘speciesists’ as individuals who â€Å"give greater weight to the interests of members of their own species when there is a clash between their interests and the interests of those of other species. Human speciesists do not accept that pain is as bad when it is felt by pigs or mice as when it is felt by humans† (Singer Equality). Singer’s main point when explaining animal rights is that equality does not require equal rights. Singer believes it is unrealistic and irrational to compare a dying mouse to a dying person because they do not have equal rights and situations in life. He states, â€Å"ItShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Utilitarianism with Christian Ethics810 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Utilitarianism with Christian Ethics The ethical teachings and values of utilitarianism and Christian ethics are similar in some aspects, yet however are diverse in others. Utilitarianism is a generally teleological ethical system, where the outcome is said to justify the act. The act is considered ‘good’ if it brings about the greatest good for the greatest number. Christian Ethics, however, can be quite different. Many aspects of its ethics are deontological, for exampleRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Ethical Approach1709 Words   |  7 PagesUTILITARIANISM AND ITS ETHICAL APPROACH Of the topics discussed, one that most caught my attention is the philosophical current of utilitarianism. Indeed, among currents ethical thinking that has had greatest impact in recent times is utilitarianism. A school of thought that holds that the good is useful, that is to say, in this ethical doctrine is postulated that the morally good lies in the legitimate aspiration to wellness. In the field of ethics, this doctrine is determined by a ratio of utilityRead MoreThe Ethical Argument For Veganism1685 Words   |  7 Pages This essay analyzes the ethical argument for veganism through the lens of philosophy using Utilitarianism defined by John Stuart Mill, and Deontological ethics according to Immanuel Kant. Through the use of these theories, I will justify the moral worth and legitimacy of the animal welfare debate that is often used to promote a cruelty-free and vegan lifestyle by analyzing questions of animal sentience, the worth of an animal’s happiness, and the right humanity supposedly has to the lives of otherRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Argument That Happiness Is The Only Intrinsic Good1354 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I am going to write about John Stuart Mill’s argument that happiness is the only intrinsic good. Mill’s proof focuses on defending utilitarianism, one of the most prominent works in moral philosophy and most prominent form of consequentialism as proposed by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Mill defines the theory and provides his responses to common misconceptions people have surrounding it. Utility, the Greatest Happiness Principle, states that actions are right in that they generallyRead MoreDescribe the Main Principles of the Two Normative Ethical Theories of Deontology and Utilitarianism. Compare and Contrast the Two Theories, Bringing Out Any Problems or Limitations You See in Each.1652 Words   |  7 Pagesof deontology and utilitarianism. Compare and contrast the two theories, bringing out any problems or limitations you see in each. Bioethics Essay †¢ Intro: Define ethics and define and introduce the two theories. (philosophical theories†¦) †¢ Utilitarianism- example †¢ Deontology- example- compare †¢ comparing- evaluating and critically analyzing*- similarities and differences. †¢ Limitations and positives* †¢ Conclusion- summary of essay and own opinion, rememberRead MoreUtilitarianism, And The Moral Imperative1575 Words   |  7 Pages In this essay I intend on arguing the legitimacy of utilitarianism, and if its principles can be subjected effectively to society today. Utilitarianism, which is a common term in normative ethics, is a moral doctrine that coordinates and specifies evaluation and moral actions through three recommendations. These recommendations are the criterion of good and evil, a moral imperative, and a measured evaluation. A criterion of good and evil emphasizes on the happiness and stakeholdersRead MoreUtilitarianism And The Moral Imperative1575 Words   |  7 Pages In this essay I intend on arguing the legitimacy of utilitarianism, and if its principles can be subjected effectively to society today. Utilitarianism, which is a common term in normative ethics, is a moral doctrine that coordinates and specifies evaluation and moral actions through three recommendations. These recommendations are the criterion of good and evil, a moral imperative, and a measured evaluation. A criterion of good and evil emphasizes on the happiness and stakeholdersRead MoreA Study On The Chinese Of The National Network Of China Has Once Produced A Popular Tv Show1485 Words   |  6 Pagesother demoralization acts which have made headlines. The issues described above raised several questions about which the author curious. This essay will help me to understand those queries around me according to the utilitarianism, firstly, based on the definition of utilitarianism, to understand what is happiness, secondly, under the principle of utilitarianism, ga ining a insight to what is right and what is wrong, thirdly, attempt to find ways to improve the issues mentioned above in China. MainRead MoreIndividualism1503 Words   |  7 Pagesliberties and civil rights. Because of this a civil libertarian outlook is compatible with many other political philosophies and civil libertarianism is found on both the right and left in modern politics. For scholar Ellen meiksins wood â€Å"there are doctrines of individualism that are opposed to locking individualism and non-lock individualism may encompass socialism. 5. Philosophical individualism: Ethical egoism (also called simply egoism) is the normative ethical position that moralRead More The Greatest Happiness Principle Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pages In the essay â€Å"What Utilitarianism Is† #, Mill presents the theory of Utilitarianism, which he summarizes in his â€Å"utility† or â€Å"greatest happiness principle† # (Mill 89). Mill’s focus is based on an action’s resulting â€Å"happiness,† # pleasure and absences of pain, or â€Å"unhappiness,† # discomfort and the nonexistence of contentment, rather than the intentions involved (Mill 89). After evaluating Mill’s principle, I will then end this essay by discussing my personal opinion about the doctrine and how

Corporate Accounting

Question: Discuss the problems of tax effect accounting addressed in the above statement in the context of the present AASB / IASB standards and the conceptual framework using your selected annual report to provide examples. Answer: Introduction The company assumed in this circumstance is the A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company, is one of the company of Australian stock exchanges. For answering the questions provided in the statement, the annual report of 2015 of A-cap Resource Limited Company is measured for the investigation of the question. Hence, the reports will main concern for this study. Accounting is one of the most important factors which is also very essential for A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company (Anil Kumar, Kumar, Mariyappa, 2010). It probably acts as a vital role to preserve the overall proceedings of this prominent association that helps the company at the time of managing the whole processes and the activities which take place within the organization at the time of running the trades. The progression of accounting is also calculated by A-cap Resource Limited Company, which is a prominent organization in the whole world, and these total analytical procedures will be executed on the basis of this A-CAP RESOURCE LIMIT ED Company (Chung, 2013). A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company is an undertaking company which is situated in Australia. It is also an listed stock of exchanges in Australia. The international financial standard gives an idea about the framework for the preparation of the financial statements of that particular company and also sets the standards of the accounting for presenting the fair value of the products which are present in the financial statement of the A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company (GKOUGKOUSI, 2013). Description The report declares that the concept of the assets are the main theme which appears to monitors like the left over from the data transaction operation and also in the capitalized the legal responsibilities since there founds some clean and precise fictions such as tax liabilities and the accusation of the provisions for accrue obligations. The tax accounting procedure reflects on taxes before the financial statements of the corporation (Izzo, 2013). The legal responsibility of the capitalized arises by the high standard of accrual process depend on the revenues that placed relatively based on the time. Moreover, the legal responsibility of the deferred tax system is the main asset of this tax effect system. The liability which needs to be realized throughout the year, and it also makes the differed types of account. The condition for the obligation represents the condition of the accounts together with the contingent assets and also conditional liabilities. A-cap Resource Limited is an Australia-based well-known resources company that means it also a mineral exploration organization (Kumar Mariyappa, 2010). The organization is a very strong support and also well funded from the shareholders. It also reflects on advancing its importance and significance the uranium metal prospects. This also has Greenfield base metals and the coal resources exploration tenements. The project of the organization includes Letlhakane Uranium Project, Blau Coal Project, Mega Coal Project, and Foley Project. The organization assumed in this scenario is the A-cap Resource Limited that is an ASX, or the Australian Stock Exchange listed company. The annual statement in the year of 2015 of A-cap Resource Limited is measured to the description of the scenario. The main remuneration elements packages and also policies of the remuneration need to differentiate a bundle with in and the directors and the executives of the organization like A-cap Resource Limited. The main components are the amount of remuneration and nature (Leventis, Dimitropoulos, Owusu-Ansah, 2013). Nature mostly composed of the framework of the administrative personnel which assists in the purpose of increment of the activities to the agreement on the outlook aspects. It also facilitates in the compensation packages that incorporates the increase of the basic salary, the redundancy, the period, and also notice. The basic payment is USD $320,000 which is rotate after every twelve months. No executives and the directors are entitled to the purpose of the deduct payments. The organizations directors and the executives are paid USD $400,000 that is also rotated after a long period of twelve months. Conversely, the remuneration packages are provided for the executives and the directors of the organization like A-cap Resource Limited. On the basis of the totality quantity of the capitals, the bonus is provided to the executives, directors, and the employees, of this well-known company throughout their r emuneration. But the motivation is strictly provided to the employees and it also measured as a reward and recognition (Lim, 2010). Those who are the Non-executive director of this organization are remunerated out of some salaries that are acknowledged by the shareholders. After then, the shareholders are prepared to scrutinize about additional benefit, salary and the compensation schemes. However, the corporation is needed to reimburse the payment to the shareholders that are real to the profit in the bonus. These types of packages supplies incentives to the Directors and the executives of the organization like A-cap Resource Limited (Miller, 2010). To the aims that are explained by the organizations important techniques, the corporation provides such beneficial amenities to the directors and the executives in the incentives form of a certain period and also it provides a fixed amount of remuneration elements that are mentioned in this scenario. This also facilitates in rewarding t he selling with the terms and the conditions of the corporation, and it facilitate to provide the benchmark trade facilities to the directors and the executives in the incentives forms. Moreover, the inducements which are needed to be given to the Corporation are the other related work benefits arriving by the benefits of the organizations program established by the strategy of the organization. The consideration of the benefits is more crucial for the corporation but as the policies and the norms of the corporation, the executives and, the directors, who enjoyed it fruitfully. Conversely, the organization is trying to modify the annual board activities that are explaining to be unlimited for the executives and the directors of the organization A-cap Resource Limited Company. Discussion According to the study, the statements of the case shows that the deferred tax liabilities, the capitalize liabilities and also the provisions which show the duties and responsibilities which are arises due to the taxation system in accounting and also other affects. Due to the virtue of accrual system, the capitalized liabilities are arises depending on the revenues which are collected according to the time more willingly than the receipt. There lies various benefits that are created for the proper establishment of the liabilities of the company which helps in the proper continuation of the bearing of the expenses made by the executives and the directors (Palpacuer, 2010). The different facilities are provided by the company which helps in the proper establishment of the objectives for the company and thence the different facilities are covered for the executives and the non-executives of the company. These personnels of the company are provided with various facilities that provide them to utilize the powers and the resources of the company up to the brim. The recognized revenues are provided for the exaggeration of the various destruction of the assets that very much crucial for the growth and the enhancement of the company A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED. The various VATs and the TAX systems are applied for the proper reduction of the materials that are used for the enhancement of the system. These all the operating cost also comprise the cost of their possessions which the organization has to bear for it and therefore the company lies in a location of extra debt (Parker, 2010). The shares of the organization A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED also seems to be declining in the marketplace as intended for these the business cannot hold its shares in the marketplace. Due to the virtue of the effect of taxation system the deferred tax liabilities arises depending on the provision of their duties and responsibilities which show them the expected responsibilities which they required in the balance sheet of the company. In the given statement the problems or issues which are related to the effect of the taxation system are described elaborately. The A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company was bound to pay all taxes on the full amounts which generated or arises due to the reasons which are described above. The issues which are arises due to the effects of the tax system are described properly through this statement. The monetary amounts which are collected through the deferred liabilities, capitalized liabilities and the provisions for the duties and responsibilities are increases due to the effect of the taxation system (Rajasekaran Lalitha, 2011). Therefore, the balance sheet of the A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company shows that amount of the deferred liabilities, capitalized liabilities and the provisions for the duties and responsibilities. Comments The statements state about the issues which are related along with the tax which affects the accounting system of the company. The elements of the compensation correspondence and the compensation policies are at variance an assortment with in the executives and the directors of A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company (Rana, 2010). The elements that are used for the proper enhancement of the amounts of the compensation signifies the nature of the structure for the proper development of the managerial personnel that are included for the proper creation of the policies of the structures for the contract on the basis of the contract also helps in the policies that are related to the basic salary management for the increment of the salaries for the proper enhancement of the notices. The initial salary that is initiated is off about USD $320,000 and it helps in the creation of the revision for the pay of the company executives of the company A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED (Smith, 2004). The capitalize liab ilities are taken place along with the good significance and value of the accrual system depending on the revenues which are generated according to the time. This correspondence presents incentives to the executives and the directors of the company A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company. Hence the company A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED also helps in the creation of the strategies for the proper suffering of the company and also it also helps in the development of the companies. Thus the be3nefit payments are also created for the proper creation of the structures of the basic salary and hence forth it also helps in the exaggeration of the strategies for the proper enhancement of the structures of the organization. The nonexecutive directors of the corporation are paid their fees out of maximum amount approved by the shareholders for the remuneration of the nonexecutive directors. The nonexecutive directors do not receive any performance-based bonuses and also do not participate in the equity schemes of the organization without prior approval of the shareholders ("Special issue of Management Accounting Research: Risk management, corporate governance and management accounting", 2006). The information also helps in the determination of the packages for the proper enhancement of the executives, non-executives and the directors for the companies and thus it also helps in the creation of the forms of the dividends that are generated for the proper enhancement of the policies. The statements of the case show that the deferred tax liabilities, the capitalize liabilities and also the provisions which show the duties and responsibilities which are arises due to the taxation system in accounting and also other affects. It also brings unexpected amounts which are present in the financial statements of the Company (Sunder, 2012). The A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company was bound to shoe these accounts in their financial reports. Conclusion The three liabilities, that is, the deferred tax liabilities, the capitalize liabilities and also the provisions which show the duties and responsibilities are considered to be a major part of the liabilities. By the help of these liabilities, the company can show their accrual system, which is on the revenue which is collected according to the time more willingly than the receipt. As per the mentioned companys policies, it helps in the proper enhancement of the strategies for the proper elements for the provision of the fixed consequences and thus it also helps in satisfying the conditions and the regulations of the company. Hence the benchmarks of the industry are facilitated for the and hence the director also facilities for the related work policies and thus it also helps in the policies and thus it also helps in proper enhancement of the policies of the company. The measurement of the incentives is very much important for the A-CAP RESOURCE LIMITED Company (Verma, 2008). The mea surement of the incentives is very much essential for the company but as the norms and policies of the company, the directors, and the executives enjoyed the incentives of the company fruitfully. The deferred tax liabilities is also considered as liabilities regarding the good significance which are related to the effects of the schemes of the tax systems. References Anil Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Mariyappa, B. (2010).Corporate accounting. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Chung, J. (2013). Corporate Responsibility.Accounting In Europe,10(1), 159-161. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2013.774732 GKOUGKOUSI, X. (2013). Aggregate Earnings and Corporate Bond Markets.Journal Of Accounting Research,52(1), 75-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.12030 Izzo, M. (2013). Corporate Social Strategy.Accounting In Europe,10(1), 153-156. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449480.2013.772723 Kumar, D. Mariyappa, B. (2010).Corporate Accounting. Himalaya Publishing House. Leventis, S., Dimitropoulos, P., Owusu-Ansah, S. (2013). Corporate Governance and Accounting Conservatism: Evidence from the Banking Industry.Corporate Governance: An International Review,21(3), 264-286. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/corg.12015 Lim, R. (2010). Are corporate governance attributes associated with accounting conservatism?.Accounting Finance,51(4), 1007-1030. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629x.2010.00390.x Miller, A. (2010). Corporate Governance and Corporate Performance: UK FTSE 350 Companies.The British Accounting Review,42(2), 132-133. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2010.01.003 Palpacuer, F. (2010). The corporate city.Critical Perspectives On Accounting,21(1), 104. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2009.06.001 Parker, L. (2010). Corporate consignment.Critical Perspectives On Accounting,21(4), 359. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2010.01.002 Rajasekaran, V. Lalitha, R. (2011).Corporate accounting. Noida, India: Pearson. Rana, G. (2010).Corporate accounting. Jaipur: ABD Publishers. Smith, M. (2004). Corporate financial communication and voluntary disclosure.Accounting Forum,28(3), 201-203. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2004.08.004 Special issue of Management Accounting Research: Risk management, corporate governance and management accounting. (2006).Management Accounting Research,17(2), 224-225. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2006.04.001 Sunder, S. (2012). Corporate Disclosure: A Symposium.Accounting Horizons,26(2), 353-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-10263 Verma, K. (2008).Corporate accounting. New Delhi: Excel Books.